ישנן עדויות על קיומה של העיר לפחות 150
שנים לפני הקמתה של איחוד האמירויות הערביות. מניות דובאי חובות
משפטיים, פוליטיים, צבאיים וכלכליים עם נסיכויות האחרות, שיפוט למרות שכל אמירות 'יש מעל פונקציות מסוימות כמו היישום של
המשפט האזרחי ומתן ואחזקה של מתקנים מקומיים. דובאי יש את האוכלוסייה הגדולה ביותר והוא האמירות השנייה בגודלה באזור, לאחר
אבו דאבי. דובאי ואבו דאבי הם שתי נסיכויות רק כדי להחזיק את הכח של
וטו בנושאים בעלי חשיבות הלאומית בבית המחוקקים של המדינה. דובאי נשלט על ידי
שושלת אל מקטום מאז
1833. השליט הנוכחי של דובאי,
מוחמד בין ראשיד אל מכתום, גם
ראש הממשלה וסגן הנשיא של
איחוד האמירויות.
ההכנסות של האמירות מגיעה
מתיירות, מסחר, הנדל"ן ושירותי financeiros.As
הכנסות מנפט וגז טבעי תורמים פחות מ 6%
(2006) מתמ"ג של
דולרים 37000000000 כלכלה של דובאי
(2005). הנדל"ן והבנייה, מצד השני, תרמו 22.6% מכלכלה
ב2005, לפני הנוכחי
ום של הבנייה בקנה מידה גדולה. דובאי משך תשומת לב באמצעות פרויקטי הנדל"ן שלה ובאירועי ספורט. תשומת לב מוגבר, בד בבד עם הופעתה כמרכז עסקים עולמי, הדגישה סוגיות של
זכויות אדם הנוגעים
לכוח האדם במידה רבה החיצוני.
אטימולוגיה
In
1820 ב1820, דובאי היה ידוע , Dubai was known as
כאל WaslAl Wasl ידי הסטוריונים by historians
בריטיים. British עם זאת, כמה רשומים הנוגעים להיסטוריה התרבותית של . However, few records pertaining to the cultural history of the
איחוד האמירויות UAE הערביות, או לרכיביה הן בשל המסורת בעל הפה של האזור לבלות מסורותיהם דרך or its components are due to the oral tradition of the region to spend their traditions through
הפולקלור folklore ומיתוסים. and myths. The linguistic origins of the word
Dubai are also in dispute, some believe that the word may come from
Persian , while some believe that
Arabic is the linguistic root of the word.According Fedel Handhal, researcher of the history and culture of the UAE, the word
Dubai may have come from the word
Daba (a derivative of
Yadub ), which means crawling, the word may be a reference to the flow of the creek to Dubai the inside.
geography
Dubai is located within the
Arabian Desert . However, the
topography of Dubai is significantly different from the topography found in the southern portion of the UAE, since much of the landscape of Dubai is distinguished by patterns of
the desert of
sand and
gravel , while the deserts dominate much of the region south of the country.
[27] The sand is composed mainly of
shells and
coral crushed. East of the city, the salt-crusted coastal plains, known as
sabkha , give rise to ums line of
dunes . Farther east, the dunes are larger and red, thanks to the
iron oxide .
[21] The sand of the desert gives way to the Western Hajar Mountains, which run alongside Dubai's border with
Oman at
Hatta. The Western Hajar chain has an arid landscape, irregular and broken, whose mountains reach about 1,300 feet in some places.
Dubai has no
river or
oasis natural, however, has an
estuary natural, Dubai Creek, which was
dredged to make it deep enough for large ships can cross it. A vast sea of sand dunes covers much of southern Dubai and eventually leads to the
desert known as
Rub 'al-Khali .Seismically, Dubai is located in a very stable - the nearest seismic fault, the
fault Zargos , is 120 km from the UAE and is unlikely to have any seismic impact on Dubai. [35] Experts also predict that the possibility of a
tsunami in the region is also minimal, because the waters of the
Persian Gulf are not deep enough to trigger a
tsunami .
The
Dubai Creek is located in the northeast to the southwest of the city. The eastern section of town where the town of
Deira , is flanked by the Emirate of
Sharjah in the east and the city of
Al Aweer in the south. The
Dubai International Airport is located south of the city, while the
Palm Deira is located north of Dubai in the
Persian Gulf . Much of the
boom Dubai real estate is concentrated in the west of
Dubai Creek , near coastal
Jumeirah.
Port Rashid ,
Jebel Ali ,
Burj Al Arab , the
Palm Jumeirah and the frank zone, such as
Business Bay are all located in this city region. Five main areas - E 11 (
Sheikh Zayed Road ), E 311 (
Emirates Road ), E 44 (
Dubai-Hatta Highway ), E 77 (
Dubai-Al Habab Road ) and E 66 (
Oud Metha Road ) - run through Dubai , linking the city to other towns and emirates. In addition, several important trade routes of the city, such as
D 89 (Al Maktoum Road / Airport Road),
D 85 (Baniyas Road),
D 75 (Sheikh Rashid Road),
D 73 (Al Dhiyafa Road),
D 94 (Jumeirah Road) and
D 92 (Al Khaleej / Al Wasl Road) connect the various localities of the city.The east and west sections of the city are connected by
bridges Al Maktoum ,
Al Garhoud ,
Business Bay Crossing Bridge , the
Floating Bridge in Dubai and the
tunnel Al Shindagha .
economy
The
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Dubai in 2005 was
U.S. $ 37 billion.
[5] Although Dubai's economy has been built by the oil industry,
[51] revenues from
oil and
natural gas currently account for less than 6% revenues of the
emirate .
[4] It is estimated that Dubai produces 240,000 barrels of oil a day and substantial quantities of gas fields. The emirate has 2% of gas reserves in the UAE. Oil reserves in Dubai declined significantly and is estimated to be exhausted in 20 years.
[52] Sectors
Real Estate and
Construction (22.6%),
[6] Trade (16%), warehousing (15%) and of
financial services (11%) are the largest contributors to Dubai's economy.
[53]
A survey of
City Mayors ranked Dubai as the 44th best city's financial world,
[54] while another report by
City Mayors indicated that Dubai is the 33rd richest city in the world in terms of
parity of purchasing power standards (PPS).
[ 55]
Among the main destinations for
re-exports from Dubai to include
Iran (U.S. $ 790 million),
India (U.S. $ 204 million) and
Saudi Arabia (194 million U.S. dollars). The main sources of
imports of the emirate are
Japan ($ 1.5 billion),
China ($ 1.4 billion) and
U.S. (U.S. $ 1.4 billion).
[3]
Historically, Dubai and its twin,
Deira (independent of Dubai City at that time), became important ports of call for Western manufacturers. Most new banks and
financial centers of the city are located in the port area. Dubai maintained its importance as a trade route in the
years 1970 and
1980 . Dubai has
free trade in
gold and until
the 1990s , was an important center for "active smuggling trade"
[56] of
ingots of gold to
India , where gold import was restricted.
The
Dubai Marina , a residential neighborhood, the second largest
marina artificial planet.
The
Jebel Ali Port of Dubai, built in
the 1970s, is the largest artificial harbor in the world and was ranked eighth worldwide in traffic volume
containers .
[57] Dubai is also developing as a center for industries
services such as
IT and
finance , with the creation of
free zones throughout the city specific. The
Dubai Internet City , combined with
Dubai Media Cityas part of TECOM (
Dubai Technology, Electronic Commerce and Media Free Zone Authority ) is an enclave, like TI, whose members include companies such as
EMC Corporation ,
Oracle Corporation ,
Microsoftand
IBM and media organizations such as
MBC ,
CNN ,
BBC ,
Reuters ,
Sky News and
AP .
The
Stock Exchange of Dubai (
Dubai Financial Market - DFM) was established in March
2000 as a secondary market for trading of securities and bonds, both local and foreign. In the fourth quarter of 2006, its turnover stood at about 400 billion shares, worth
U.S. $ 95 billion in total. The DFM had a market capitalization of about $ 87 billion.
[40]
Skyline seen from Dubai Zabeel Park.
The government's decision to exit a trading economy, but dependent on
oil to one based on
service -oriented and
tourism has made
real estate more valuable, resulting in property appreciation over the period 2004-2006. The long-term evaluation of the property market in Dubai, however, showed depreciation, some properties have lost 64% of its value from 2001 to November 2008.
[58] The large-scale real estate development projects have led to the construction of some of the most high
skyscrapers and innovative projects in the world, such as the
Burj Khalifa , the
Emirates Towers , the
Palm Islands and the most expensive and second tallest hotel, the
Burj Al Arab .
[59]
The Dubai property market has experienced a major recession between
the 2008th /
2009, as a result of the climate of economic downturn.
[60] The Board of Sheikh Mohammed al Abbar told the international press in December 2008, Emaar had credits of
U.S. $ 70 billion of Dubai and the State had $ 10 billion more, keeping about $ 350 billion in real estate assets. By early 2009, the situation worsened with the
global economic crisistaking a heavy toll on real estate, construction and
employment .
[61]
In February 2009 the
external debt of Dubai was estimated at approximately $ 100 billion, leaving every 250,000 citizens in the emirate of the UAE accounts for $ 400,000 dollars in debt.
transport
The transport is controlled by the Dubai Roads and Transport Authority. The public transport network faces enormous congestion and reliability problems that a large investment program is trying to solve, including over a thousand AED70 billion in improvements scheduled for completion until
2020 , when the city's population is projected to exceed 3.5 million.
[63]
The
Dubai International Airport (
IATA : DXB), the
hub of the airline
Emirates Airlines , the
services of the city of Dubai and other emirates of the country. The Dubai International Airport served a total of more than 37 million passengers and handled more than 1.8 million tons of cargo in
2008 .
[64] In 2008, the Dubai International Airport was the
20th busiest airport in the world , with more than 35 million international passengers, and the 6th busiest international airport in the world in terms of international passenger traffic. Besides being an important center of passenger traffic, the
airport is one of the busiest cargo of the world, handling 1.824 million tonnes of cargo in 2008, became the airport's 11th busiest in the world, an increase of 9, 4% over 2007. The
Emirates Airlines is the national airline of Dubai, and operates internationally to 101 destinations in 61
countries on six
continents .
The development of the
Al Maktoum International Airport , currently under construction in
Jebel Ali , was announced in
2004 . The first phase is expected to be completed in
2010 , and once operational the new airport will host foreign airlines and other emirates with an exclusive terminal for them.
The Public Transport System is managed by the Dubai Roads and Transport Authority (EWA). The bus system has 140 routes and services carried about 109.5 million people in 2008. In late 2010, there will be 2,100
buses in service throughout the city.
[66] The Roads and Transport Authority announced the construction of 500 bus stops with
air conditioning (A / C) and has plans for 1,000 more across the emirate into a drive to encourage use of public buses.
The proposed 3.89 billion
U.S. dollars of
Dubai Metro is under construction for the emirate. The metro system partially came into operation in September
2009 and should be fully operational in
2012 . The
metro will comprise four lines: the Green Line from Al Rashidiya to the main center of the city and the Red Line from Jebel Ali airport It also has a blue and a purple line. The Dubai Metro (Green and Blue Lines) will have 70 km of track and 43 stations, 37 above ground and 10 underground.
[67] The
Dubai Metro is the first
urban rail network of the
Arabian Peninsula .
[68] All trains and stations are
air conditioned with doors at the end of the platform to make this possible.
The
monorail on
Palm Jumeirah was opened in
2009 . It is the first monorail to be built in the region. Two electric cars are expected to be built in Dubai in 2011. The first is the
Downtown Burj Dubai Tram System and the second is the Al Sufouh Tram. The
Downtown Burj Dubai Tram System will be 4.6 km and is designed to meet the area around the
Burj Dubai , the second will run 14.5 km along the
Sheikh Zayed Road in
Dubai Marina to the
Burj Al Arab and the
Mall of the Emirates .
There are two major commercial ports in Dubai,
Port Rashid and
Jebel Ali Port . The port of Jebel Ali is the 7th busiest port in the world. Jebel Ali is the largest port in the world made by man and the greater
Middle East .
The government has invested heavily in
infrastructure road in Dubai, although this investment has not kept pace with the increasing number of vehicles. This, coupled with the phenomenon of induced traffic has led to increasing problems of
congestion .
[69]
Dubai also has an extensive system of
taxi , by far the means of
public transport most used in the emirate. There are both public and private taxi. There are about 7,500 taxis operating in the emirate.
culture
ARCHITECTURE
[ edit ]Palm Islands
-
Palm Islands are three
islands in the shape of artificial
palm trees . A daring project constructed by Al Nakheel Properties, is a major attractive point of the city and aims to increase tourism in Dubai. Although artificial, natural materials have been used only (
sand and
stone ) for the construction of the islands, instead of
concrete and
steel , better suited for the type of structure. A second artificial island shaped like a palm tree is under construction, at an advanced stage. It is planned to build a third artificial island shaped like palm tree. In each arm of the palm are being built elegant
hotels and large homes.Residents may have the right to moor his boat in front of some buildings
[ citation needed ] .
[ edit ]The World
-
The World is an
archipelago artificial, still under construction, so that the design of the
world map . These islands are being sold with values from 6.2 to 36.7 million dollars. Most islands have already been purchased by investors around the world. For example, a couple of actors
Angelina Jolie and
Brad Pitt have already purchased the island representing
Ethiopia , and a hotel to stay with the set consisting of several islands that make up the design of
Europe [ citation needed ] .
[ edit ]Burj Al Arab
-
The
Burj Al Arab is one of the
hotels more luxurious Dubai. It was built on an artificial island with 321 meters high, and the 2nd tallest structure used as a
hotel , after losing the title to the
Rose Tower , also built in Dubai. The
building mimics the sail of a boat, and today is one of the main cards of city and country.
[ edit ]Burj Khalifa
-
The
Burj Khalifa (in
Arabic :
برج خليفة ;
"Tower Khalifa " ) - formerly known as
Burj Dubai (in
Arabic :
برج دبي ;
Dubai Tower ) - is the
skyscraper world's tallest. It was inaugurated on
January 4th of
2010 . At a height of 828
m , making it the tallest structure in the world, reaching its maximum height, the Burj Khalifa surpassed not only the tallest skyscraper in the world,
Taipei 101 , but the structure is not suspended by cables land highest in the world, the
CN Tower , and the world's tallest structure, the
KVLY-TV Tower .
[70]
It took over five years to build. It cost
U.S. $ 1.5 billion, according to its builders,
[71] and can be seen at about 100 km away.
The Burj Khalifa was designed by
Skidmore, Owings, & Merrill , who also designed the
Sears Tower in
Chicago and the
Freedom Tower in
New York , among other famous buildings. The interior will be decorated by
Giorgio Armani . An Armani Hotel (the first of its kind) occupies the first 37 floors. The 45th to the 108th floor there are nearly 700 private apartments on 64 floors (which, according to the official, were sold in eight hours).The complete suite corporations and most other floors. It also has the fastest elevator, at 18 m / s (65 km / h, 40 mph). Currently, the fastest elevator in the world is the Taipei 101,
Taipei ,
Taiwan , the 16.83 m / s (60.6 km / h, 37.5 mph).
The Burj Khalifa will include 30,000 homes, nine hotels, residential towers and twelve nineteen acres around it. The tower will cover an area of 334,000
square meters of development.
[72]
Main article: 
