sábado, 29 de novembro de 2014

Chespirito


Roberto Gómez Bolaños (Chespirito)
El Chapulín Colorado.jpg
Roberto Gómez Bolaños as the Chapulín Colorado
PseudonymChespirito
Birth nameRoberto Gómez Bolaños
Born21 February 1929
Mexico City, Mexico
Died28 November 2014 (aged 85)
Cancún, Quintana Roo,Mexico
MediumTelevision, film, music,theatre, comic books
NationalityMexican
Years active1958–1995
GenresPhysical comedy, sitcom,satire
Subject(s)Children, language,superheroes, social issues
SpouseGraciela Fernandez (m. 1968–72),
Florinda Meza (m. 2004–14)
Notable works and rolesChespirito
El Chapulín Colorado
El Chavo del Ocho
Websitewww.chespirito.org
Roberto Gómez Bolaños (21 February 1929 – 28 November 2014),[1] more commonly known by his pseudonym Chespirito,[2] was a Mexican screenwriter, actor, comedian, film director, television director, playwright, songwriter, and author. He is widely regarded as one of the most important Spanish-language comedians of the 20th century. He was internationally known for writing, directing, and starring in the Chespirito (1968), El Chavo del Ocho (1971), and El Chapulín Colorado (1972) television series. The character of El Chavo is one of the most iconic in the history of Latin American television, and El Chavo del Ocho continues to be immensely popular, with daily worldwide viewership averaging 91 million viewers per episode.[3]

Life and work[edit]

Roberto Gómez Bolaños was born in Mexico City. His father, Francisco Gómez Linares (c. 1892 – 7 September 1935), was a painter and a cartoonist from the city of Guanajuato, Guanajuato, who died of a stroke at the age of 43. His mother, Elsa Bolaños Cacho Aguilar (4 April 1902 – 22 December 1968), was a bilingual secretary (fluent in both Spanish and English) from the city of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, the youngest child of Ramón Bolaños Cacho, a military doctor, and his Zacatecas-born wife, María Aguilar.[4] Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz Bolaños was his first cousin once removed.[5]
Before becoming an actor, Gómez was an amateur boxer. He studied engineering at the National Autonomous University of Mexico(UNAM).[6] He wrote a number of plays, and contributed dialogue for scripts of films and television shows in Mexico, as well as some character acting work before he became famous. His stage name, "Chespirito", was given to him by a producer during Gómez Bolaños' first years as a writer, and was concocted from the diminutive form of the Spanish pronunciation of the name of William Shakespeare or Shakespearito, meaning "Little Shakespeare".[7]
Chespirito was discovered as an actor while he was waiting in line to apply for a job as a writer, and soon he began writing and starring in his children's comedy shows.[8] Chespirito's first show was Los Supergenios de la Mesa Cuadrada, a sketch comedy show that premiered in 1968; the show also starred Ramón Valdés, María Antonieta de las Nieves and Rubén Aguirre. Los Supergenioswas later renamed Chespirito y la Mesa Cuadrada, and later Chespirito; characters like El Chavo, El Chapulín and Dr. Chapatín were introduced in this show (1972, 1970, and 1968 respectively).[9][10]
His best known roles were in the shows El Chavo and El Chapulín Colorado. Both series premiered in 1973, and were based on sketches of the same name from Los Supergenios.[11] The shows were produced by Mexican TV network Televisa, and aired in 124 countries. Other shows produced by and starring Chespirito were the short-lived La Chicharra from 1979, and a second version of Chespirito from 1980–1995.[12]
In El Chavo, Chespirito played an 8-year-old boy who often took refuge inside a wooden rain barrel in a Mexican neighborhood,[13] and in El Chapulín Colorado he played a good-hearted superhero who gets involved in humorous situations.[14] The Simpsons creator Matt Groening has said that he created the Bumblebee Man character after watching El Chapulín Colorado in a motel on the United States–Mexico border.
El Chavo and El Chapulín Colorado have become cultural icons all over Latin America and the United States, and have also aired in many countries worldwide.[15]
Roberto Gomez Bolanos is also noted as a composer. He started writing music as a hobby, and most of his early musical work was related to his comedy work, particularly featured in occasional Chapulín Colorado or Chavo del Ocho special episodes. Later works include the theme songs for various Mexican movies and telenovelas, such as Alguna Vez Tendremos Alas and La Dueña. A comedy song by Chespirito, "Churi Churi Fun Flais", was slightly referenced by Puerto Rican rap duo Calle 13 in a pairing with fellow rapperVoltio, on their song "Chulin Culin Chunfly" (which used the made-up word "Culin", a reference to the female derriere, in substitution of the second "C is also the creator of the theater comedy Once y Doce (Eleven and Twelve), the most successful theater comedy in Mexican history; it is still played occasionally.[16]

Actor[edit]

  • Los Supergenios de la Mesa Cuadrada (1968–1973), renamed Chespirito y la Mesa Cuadrada in 1970, and simply Chespirito in 1971.
  • El Ciudadano Gómez (1968–1969; 1973; 1994–1995), a parody of the Citizen Kane.[17]
  • Dr. Chapatín (1968–1979; 1980–1995), one of the presenters of Los Supergenios, also starred in sketches in the show, also appeared in the El Chapulín Colorado half-hour show of 1973-1979. He represents an old doctor that constantly has fights and confusions due to his old age and hitting the people with a paper bag whose contents were never revealed in-sketch. In an interview, Chespirito revealed that Dr. Chapatín carried in his bag all the bad feelings of the people, that is why it hurts a lot. Dr. Chapatín's character did a small cameo in the movies "El Chanfle","El Chanfle 2" and " El Charrito ".
  • Chespirito (character) (1968–1975; 1980-1986; 1991-1992; 1994-1995), occasionally starred sketches of the Los Supergenios as a "character".
  • El Chapulín Colorado (1970-1973; 1973-1979; 1980-1993), second most successful character of Bolaños; become a weekly half-hour show in 1973. A naive but brave superhero that always tries to help the people in problems.
  • Los Chifladitos (1970-1972; 1980-1995), starred alongside Rubén Aguirre, one of the main sketches of the Los Supergenios until Aguirre left the show. Chespirito did Chaparron Bonaparte and Aguirre, Lucas Tañeda, as a pair of demented characters that ran in several confusions by the use of puns and the unexpected convulsions of Chaparron called "Chiripiorcas".[18]
  • Los Caquitos (1970–1975; 1980–1995) became the third most successful creation of Bolaños, sketches were created until 1975. Originally the pair was Chespirito asChómpiras and Ramón Valdés as Peterete. In the sketches of the 80s Chespirito show, Edgar Vivar took the place of Valdés, playing a new character named El Botija, whileFlorinda Meza get a new character for the sketches: La Chimoltrufia, Botija's wife. It became Chespirito's main act in the last years of his program due to being too old to perform his other characters.
  • Los Chiripiojos (1972), little is known about this character since all its sketches are lost.[19]
  • El Chavo del Ocho (1971-1973; 1973-1980; 1980-1992), created as immediate successor of Los Chifladitos; become a weekly half-hour show in 1973. Is about a poor kid that lives in a small neighborhood with other families that shares comic situations. It's Chespirito's most successful character.
  • La Chicharra (1979-1982), half-hour show that replaced El Chapulín Colorado in 1979. He tried to create something new with a reporter in a newspaper that happens to take the wrong news in the wrong place. The show's lead character, Vicente Chambon, originally appeared as part of Chespirito in its early days.[17]
  • Don Calavera (1994–1995), the last character created by Chespirito, appears only in the 1980–1995 version of the Chespirito show.[17]

Films[edit]

Writer[edit]

Composer[edit]

Later years[edit]

On 19 November 2004, after 27 years together, he married actress and longtime companion Florinda Meza, who starred as Doña Florinda in El Chavo.[22] After show production was stopped for El Chavo and El Chapulín, both toured Mexico and the rest of Latin America and the United States with different plays, sometimes playing the characters that made them famous.
On 2003, Chespirito and Florinda Meza received the keys to the city of Cicero, Illinois.[23]
During Mexico's presidential campaigns of 2000 and 2006 he openly supported the National Action Party (PAN) by appearing in TV commercials and urging people to vote for the party's candidates: Vicente Fox and Felipe Calderón.[24] For the 2012 race, he made public that he would vote for the PAN candidate, Josefina Vázquez Mota, but did not appear in a commercial.[24]
In 2007, he joined a campaign led by Catholics and conservatives against the legalization of abortion in Mexico City.[24] He shared that while pregnant with him, his mother suffered an accident and the doctor advised her to get an abortion, she refused.[24]
He also wrote the books El Diario de El Chavo del Ocho ("Diary From the Kid from Number 8"), ...Y También Poemas ("...And Poems Too") and Sin Querer Queriendo: Memorias("Accidentally on Purpose: Memoirs").
In 2009, he was also honored by the Colombian TV-channel RCN in which he received the keys of the municipality of Soacha; more than 20,000 people attended the homage.
On November 12, 2009, he was admitted to a Mexico City hospital due to prostate complications, which required a simple surgery to treat. He was released from treatment the following day.[25]
On February 29, 2012, a celebration of Chespirito's life and work was held at the Auditorio Nacional.[26] The special, titled América celebra a Chespirito, was a multinational tribute that gathered a diverse group of actors, singers and fans from 17 nations.[26][27] They included, among others: Armando Manzanero, Thalía, Ximena Navarrete, Marco Antonio Regil, Juan Gabriel, Diego Verdaguer, Gian Marco, Pandora, Reik and OV7.[26][27] Chespirito's ill health was apparent, he was in a wheelchair and required oxygen tanks, and could not stay the entire program.[26][27] Nonetheless, he expressed great emotion and gratitude for the tribute.[27] The special was broadcast across the 17 participating nations the following March 11.[26][27]
Over Twitter, Chespirito denounced the actions of the Yo Soy 132 movement after the takeover of Televisa Chapultepec following the 2012 election.[24]
In 2012, Chespirito was honored by his friends and former cast members, putting an end to many rumors that the comedian was dying. Even so, former colleagues such as Edgar Vivar expressed their concern publicly for Chespirito's poor health.
Two themes from Jean-Jacques Perrey, "The Elephant Never Forgets" and "Baroque Hoedown" were used as the main themes for El Chavo del Ocho and El Chapulin Colorado. A 2009 lawsuit by the composers against him and Mexican multimedia conglomerate Televisa was settled in 2010, as a compensation for the network's non-payment of the use of these melodies.[citation needed]

Death[edit]

On 28 November 2014, Roberto died from heart failure at the age of 85, in Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico.[28][29]
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