Zimbabwe

 

Republic of Zimbabwe

National motto: Unity, Freedom, Work

National anthem: Rwiyo rwezvishuvo zveZimbabwe MENU 0:00

Zimbabwe (madanirwo /zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ/), ichinzizve Republic of Zimbabwe, uye yakambozivikanwa seSouthern Rhodesia, Republic of Rhodesia uyezve Zimbabwe Rhodesia, inyika yakakomberedzwa nedzimwe iri kuchamhembe kweAfrica.

Kumabvazuva kuneMozambique, kuchamhembe kune Chamhembe Africa, kumadokero kune Botswana, kumawodzanyemba kuneZambia. Mutauro wevakambopamba nyika Chirungu (English) asi ruzhinji rwevanhu munyika iyi runotaura ChiShona. ChiShona mutauro wevanhu vakagara munzvimbo iyi kubva makarekare. Rurimi rweSindebele rwunotaurwawo zvakare muZimbabwe nevanhu veMatabele. Ava vanhu vakasvikawo munzvimbo iyi apo veChiShona vanga vatodzika midzi. VeMatabele ava vaibvawo nechekuchamhembe uko vaitiza ishe wavo Shaka Zulu uyo aida kuvatonga ivo vasingadi kutongwa naye

Zvakare kuchamhembe kwenyika iyi kune rwizi rukuru rwunonzi Limpopo, ukuwo kumawodzanyemba kunezve rumwe rwizi rukuru runonzi Zambezi. Nzizi idzi ihuru kwazvo uye dzinodira mugungwa reIndian Ocean.

Kubvira makore 1250 kabanga kuzvika 1629, nzvimbo yavekuzikanwa seZimbabwe iyi yaitongwa nemadzimambo eMutapa (Mutapa Empire), vachizikanwazve sekuti Mwene Mutapa, Monomatapa kana kuti pachirungu Empire of Great Zimbabwe. Nzvimbo iyoyi yaive nemukurumbira chaizvo panyaya dzendarama (Goridhe), iro raifambiswa nevanhu vechiArab. Zvakadaro, vechiPutukezi (Portuguese) vakauya ndokuparadza hurongwa ihwohwo nokukasira, zvikasiya Monomatapa iri panguva yekusaziva zvekuita . Gore ra1834 veMatabele, ava vanga vakuzviti maNdebele, vakasvikawo munzvimbo iyoyi yamadzimambo Mutapa. Vakasvika nechekuchamhemhembe kwakadziva kumadokero (South West) kwenzvimbo yamadzimambo Mutapa. Tambo taura pamusoro kuti vanhu ava vakange vari kutiza kubva kunamambo wavowo Shaka ainge arikudya marasha chamhembe ikoko. VechiNdebele ava vaitungamirwawo namambo wavo Lobengula. Nzvimbo yavakagara iyi yaizozikanwa seMatabeleland munguva yaizotevera kusanginisira zvino uno.

Nyika yeZimbabwe yakawana kuzvitonga mugore ra1980, apo bato reZanu-PF raRobert Gabriel Mugabe rakavhoterwa neruzhinji rwevanhu. Mureza weBritain wakadzikiswa musi wa18 April 1980, mureza weZimbabwe ukasimudzwa. VaMugabe vakatonga nyika iyi kwemakore anopotsa makumi mana. Mushure mekudaro, mutevedzeri wavo Emmerson Mnangagwa akatora chinzvimbo chazvo mushure mekunge va Mugabe vamanikidzwa kuti vasiye basa. Emmerson Mnangagwa uyu haana kuzvitorera chigaro ega, akabatsirwa nemauto uyezve aiva nerubatsiro rwebato raitonga rinova Zanu Pf. Iri ndiro bato richirikutonga munyika ye Zimbabwe zuva ranhasi. Emmeson Mnangagwa akatpinda pachigaro mugore ra 2017 mumwedzi wa Mbudzi, netarisiro yekuti gore raitevera paitwe sarudzo yekutsvaga mutungamiri wenyika anodiwa nevanhu. Ruzhinji rwakamusarudza zvakare asi pakaita mutauro nemutungamiriri webato rinopikisa MDC rinotungamirirwa na va Nelson Chamisa. Myaya iyi yakanetsa ikatozoenda kudare redzimhosva rinoona nenyaya dzebumbiro remitemo. Nyaya ya Va Chamisa yekupikisa zvakabuda musarudzo yakaonekwa nedare isina humbowo, dare rikati Emmeson Mnangawa ndiye akasarudzwa neruzhinji.

Kupiwa kweZita[chinja | edit source]

Republic of Zimbabwe kuEnglish inokwanisa kuturikirwa kuchinzi Nyika yeRuzhinji rweZimbabwe kana Nyika yeRudhende rweZimbabwe kana Nyika yeMukumbi weZimbabwe.

• Republicanism yoturikirwa kuchinzi chinyaruzhinji, chinyarudhende kana chinyamukumbi.

Matongerwo eNyika[chinja | edit source]

Administrative divisions of Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe inyika yakapatsanurwa kuva nematunhu makuru masere nemaguta mairi anotarisirwa sematunhu mukuva kwawo. Dunhu rese rine guta guru imo munoitirwa mabhizimusi ehurumende.

Dunhu Guru	Guta Guru
Bulawayo Province	Bulawayo
Harare Province	Harare
Manicaland	Mutare
Mashonaland Central	Bindura
Mashonaland East	Marondera
Mashonaland West	Chinhoyi
Masvingo	Masvingo
Matabeleland North	Lupane
Matabeleland South	Gwanda
Midlands	Gweru

Mazita ematunhu akagadzirwa kubva mumazita eMashonaland neMatabeleland iwo akagadzirwa nevarungu munguva yekutongwa neBritain. Mashonaland ndiyo yaive nzvimbo yatanga kugarwa neBritish South Africa Company Pioneer Column uko Matabeleland yaiva nzvimbo yakatorwa mukupera kweHondo yekutanga yemaMatabele (First Matabele War). Nzvimbo idzi dzinotevedzawo nyika dzaigarwa nemaShona nemaNdebele varungu vasati vauya, zvisinei kuti izvozvi kunoita kusangana kwevanhu mumatunhu aya. Dunhu rese rinotongwa naProvincial Governor, uyu anosarudzwa nemutangimiri wenyika yeZimbabwe. Hurumende yematunhu inotungamirwa naiye Provincial Administrator, uyu anosarudzwa nePublic Service Commission. Zvimwewo zvinhu zvinoitwa nehurumende yenyika mumatunhu zvinoitwa nemahofisi emapoka ehurumende yenyika.

Zimbabwe paDandira reMbariro neNhungo dzeTaranyika[chinja | edit source]

Nyika yeZimbabwe iri murumana rwembariro 20^oS neNhungo 30^oE. Zimbabwe iri pakati peMutsazanisi neTropic of Capricon, inova nzvimbo iri mudunhu reTropics rinowana murazvo wezuva zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo dziri muTropics dzinodziya nguva zhinji, kana tichienzanisa nenzvimbo dziri kunze kweTropics. Zvakadaro tinoda kuonesana kuti nyika yeZimbabwe inotonhorera zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri mudunhu reTropics. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nokuti chikamu cheZimbabwe chiri panzvimbo yakakwirira inonzi duvurwi (plateau). Nzvimbo dziri pahukwidza (altitude) huri pamusoro dzinotonhorera pane nzvimbo dziri pahukwidza huri pasi.